Outdoor fungi and child asthma health service attendances

Asthma is a significant global public health issue. Severe asthma exacerbations can be triggered by environmental factors and require medical care from health services. Although it is known that fungal exposure may lead to allergic sensitization, little is understood about its impact on asthma exacerbations. This review aims to examine whether outdoor fungi play a significant role in child asthma exacerbations. Systematic search of seven electronic databases and hand searching for peer‐reviewed studies published in English, up to 31 August 2013. Inclusion criteria were study population aged <18 yr, diagnosis of asthma, attended a health service; outdoor fungi exposure was reported. Quality and risk of bias assessments were conducted. Due to significant heterogeneity, meta‐analysis was not conducted. Of the 1896 articles found, 15 were eligible. Findings were not consistent, possibly due to methodological variations in exposure classifications, statistical methods and inclusion of confounders. Cross‐sectional studies found no or weak associations. All but one time series studies indicated an association that varied between fungal species. Increasing evidence indicates that asthmatic children are susceptible to asthma exacerbations when exposed to outdoor fungal spores. There is limited understanding of the contributions of different fungal species. Research is needed to investigate interactions of outdoor fungi with pollen, air pollutants and respiratory viruses.     

三级综合医院神经内科门诊患者焦虑抑郁状态特点

目的分析三级综合医院神经内科就诊的焦虑抑郁状态患者的特点,提高临床医生对焦虑抑郁状态的识别。方法收集解放军总医院海南分院神经内科门诊3857名患者,通过焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表评估心理状态。分析有焦虑抑郁状态患者的特点。结果有1684(43.66%)名患者存在焦虑抑郁状态,中年(χ2=107.75,P0.001)、女性(χ2=188.36,P0.001)无业及退休者(χ2=215.31,P0.001)为焦虑抑郁状态的多发人群。1073(63.72%)名焦虑抑郁患者主诉内容超过3项,655(38.90%)名患者主诉内容超过4项。主诉内容以失眠最多,头痛、头晕、肢体无力、发麻次之。1323(78.56%)名患者选择在神经内科药物治疗。结论三级综合医院神经内科门诊患者焦虑抑郁状态发生率高,此类患者有其自身临床特点,门诊医生应注意识别,并予以及时转诊和治疗。     

卵巢动脉栓塞术的研究进展及临床意义

近年来,子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)已成为公认的替代外科手术治疗子宫肌瘤的方法.选择性卵巢动脉栓塞术(OAE)在技术上安全有效,UAE联合OAE治疗与单纯UAE治疗比较,在绝经的发病率、绝经样症状的严重程度方面无差异.但目前还需进一步明确OAE对卵巢储备功能的血清标志物及卵巢血管的影响.本文对卵巢动脉的解剖、血管造影及栓塞技术、OAE后卵巢功能的研究进展进行综述.     

结核病区医务人员医用防护口罩佩戴现状及影响因素分析

目的了解结核病区医务人员医用防护口罩佩戴状况及影响因素,为有针对性地做好职业防护提供参考。方法对广州军区5所三甲综合性医院的结核病区195名医务人员采用自行设计的问卷进行佩戴医用防护口罩行为现状调查,分析医务人员佩戴医用防护口罩行为的影响因素。结果结核病区医护人员佩戴医用防护口罩的行为得分为(17.93±3.37)分,结核病区医护人员佩戴医用防护口罩细节行为条目得分较低;职业、教育培训、监管机制、经济因素是结核病区医务人员佩戴医用防护口罩行为的主要影响因素(P0.05,P0.01)。结论结核病区医务人员佩戴医用防护口罩的主动意识较强,但较易忽视佩戴的细节行为。职业防护须重视细节行为,加大教育培训、双重监管和经济投入力度,以预防结核病医院感染,促进医务人员职业防护。     

急诊科护士遭受躯体暴力的预测线索探讨

目的探讨急诊科护士发生躯体暴力的预测线索。方法对四川省和重庆市5所医院的急诊科进行观察性研究,由专人观察和记录患方的行为线索,并根据行为变化是否转化为躯体暴力分为躯体暴力组和非躯体暴力组,统计分析两组行为变化的例数和躯体暴力的行为方式,采用Logistic回归分析确定护士发生躯体暴力的特定预测线索。结果共观察287例患者,非躯体暴力组219例,转化为躯体暴力组68例,躯体暴力发生率23.7%。Logistic回归分析显示当患方出现紧握双拳(OR=6.334)、挑衅(OR=5.672)、抵制护理措施(OR=5.164)、大声争吵(OR=4.651)、紧跟护理人员(OR=3.334)或鲁莽(OR=3.172)是发生躯体暴力的最强预测线索(P0.05,P0.01)。结论急诊科发生躯体暴力比较普遍,应快速、方便、有效地评估患方潜在的躯体暴力风险,采取相应的防范措施,以减少躯体暴力风险的发生,避免急诊科护士受到身体和心理伤害。